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The Geographical Review April 1999, Vol. 89 (1), pp. 188-214 SPECIAL ISSUE - OCEANS CONNECT DIVIDING THE OCEAN SEA Martin W. Lewis Keywords: cartography, history of geographical thought, oceans. ABSTRACT: The conventional view of global hydrography, which maps three or four oceans (Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and, sometimes, Arctic) did not emerge until the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Previously, markedly different conceptions of sea space prevailed, conceptions that changed not only to reflect new discoveries but also in accordance with changing intellectual fashions. By examining the history of global hydrography and by entertaining novel schemes of oceanic division, one can see the world afresh and perhaps discover connections that are obscured by conventional geographical divisions.